VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland has developed an environmentally-friendly packaging coating solution. Especially suitable for food and pharmaceutical packaging, the coating offers a new method for manufacturing fully recyclable, thin, light and air-tight packaging materials.
Developed using the atomic layer deposition (ALD) method, the coating has excellent gas permeation resistance and as such it is particularly suitable for food and pharmaceutical products. The ALD technology, which was developed in Finland in the 1970s, has been utilised mainly in microelectronics to date. ALD facilitates the manufacture of packaging materials which are thinner, lighter and better sealed than traditional barrier materials. Barrier materials have the ability to prevent molecules from penetrating the packaging, which is important when protecting the product from humidity, drying or oxidation.
The barrier ability can be created without an aluminum film, the traditional barrier material which affects recyclability. For packaging technology, this creates an opportunity to manufacture fully recyclable packages that use fewer raw materials. The amount of aluminum can be reduced 500-1,000-fold compared to current medicine blister packs. The use of aluminum affects the pack's recyclability, and its manufacture requires a lot of energy.
ALD coatings are thin, conformal and pinhole-free and they closely follow the contours of the coated material. Their thickness can be adjusted to the accuracy of one atomic layer. Thanks to the thinness of the film (approx. 25 nanometres), the protective layer is bendable and flexible. Thin bio-based packaging materials produced using this technology have gas permeability properties similar to those of existing dry food packages and pharmaceutical blister packs.
By using ALD coating, different functions can be integrated in the packaging material, such as properties which prevent water, oxygen, humidity, fats and aromas from permeating the packaging and protect the surface from stains and bacterial growth. ALD thus provides savings on raw material and transport costs, as the amount of packaging material can be reduced. For example, chocolate wrappers can now be made without the aluminum-coated paper, if the carton wrap is treated with the ALD coating method.
Other thin film methods can also produce thin coatings; however, their gas permeability is higher and the material is stiffer and breaks easily. With these competing methods, comparable gas permeation resistance is possible only if thicker films are used.
The ALD technology can improve the humidity tolerance and performance of bio-polymers, reducing the need for oil-based plastics
